unit 1 design process- key terms
Assess
To thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against specific goals and criteria.
Assessment
An evaluation technique for technology that requires analyzing benefits and risks, understanding the trade-offs, and then determining the best action to take in order to ensure that the desired positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences.
Techniques used to analyze accomplishments against specific goals and criteria. Examples of assessments include tests, surveys, observations, and self-assessment.
Brainstorm
A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion.
Client
A person using the services of a professional person or organization.
Creativity
The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create.
Criteria
A means of judging. A standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged.
Constraint
1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction.
Design
1. An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems. 2. A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made. 3. A decorative pattern.
Design Brief
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design Process
A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice.
Design Statement
A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed.
Designer
A person who designs any of a variety of things. This usually implies the task of creating drawings or in some ways uses visual cues to organize his or her work.
Engineer
A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
Engineering Notebook
A book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project.
Innovation
An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
Invention
A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.
Iterative
A process that repeats a series of steps over and over until the desired outcome is obtained.
Piling-on
An idea that produces a similar idea or an enhanced idea.
Problem Identification
The recognition of an unwelcome or harmful matter needing to be dealt with.
Product
A tangible artifact produced by means of either human or mechanical work, or by biological or chemical process.
Prototype
A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
Research
The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
To thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against specific goals and criteria.
Assessment
An evaluation technique for technology that requires analyzing benefits and risks, understanding the trade-offs, and then determining the best action to take in order to ensure that the desired positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences.
Techniques used to analyze accomplishments against specific goals and criteria. Examples of assessments include tests, surveys, observations, and self-assessment.
Brainstorm
A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion.
Client
A person using the services of a professional person or organization.
Creativity
The ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create.
Criteria
A means of judging. A standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged.
Constraint
1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction.
Design
1. An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems. 2. A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made. 3. A decorative pattern.
Design Brief
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design Process
A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice.
Design Statement
A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed.
Designer
A person who designs any of a variety of things. This usually implies the task of creating drawings or in some ways uses visual cues to organize his or her work.
Engineer
A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
Engineering Notebook
A book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project.
Innovation
An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
Invention
A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.
Iterative
A process that repeats a series of steps over and over until the desired outcome is obtained.
Piling-on
An idea that produces a similar idea or an enhanced idea.
Problem Identification
The recognition of an unwelcome or harmful matter needing to be dealt with.
Product
A tangible artifact produced by means of either human or mechanical work, or by biological or chemical process.
Prototype
A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
Research
The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
unit 2 technical sketching and drawing- key terms
Cabinet Pictorial
Oblique pictorial where depth is represented as half scale compared to the height and width scale.
Cavalier Pictorial
Oblique pictorial where height, width, and depth are represented at full scale.
Center Line
A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts.
Construction Line
lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes.
Depth
The measurement associated with an object’s front-to-back dimension or extent of something from side to side.
Dimension
A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object is width, height, and depth.
Dimension Line
A line which represents distance.
Documentation
1. The documents that are required for something or that give evidence or proof of something. 2. Drawings or printed information that contain instructions for assembling, installing, operating, and servicing.
Drawing
A formal graphical representation of an object containing information based on the drawing type.
Edge
The line along which two surfaces of a solid meet.
Ellipse
A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base.
Extension Line
Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops.
Freehand
Sketching which is done manually without the aid of instruments such as rulers.
Grid
A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles.
Height
The measurement associated with an object’s top-to-bottom dimension.
Hidden Line
A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible.
Isometric Sketch
A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.
Leader Line
Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail.
Line
1. A long thin mark on a surface. 2. A continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point. 3. Long, narrow mark or band.
Line Conventions
Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style.
Line Weight
Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin.
Long-Break Line
A line which indicates that a very long objects with uniform detail is drawn foreshortened.
Manufacture
To make something, especially on a large scale using machinery.
Measurement
The process of using dimensions, quantity, or capacity by comparison with a standard in order to mark off, apportion, lay out, or establish dimensions.
Multi-View Drawing
A drawing which contains views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes.
Object Line
A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object.
Oblique Sketch
A form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle.
Orthographic Projection
A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle Projection.
Perspective Sketch
A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye.
Pictorial Sketch
A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth in a single view.
Plane
A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie.
Point
A location in space.
Profile
An outline of an object when viewed from one side.
Projection Line
An imaginary line that is used to locate or project the corners, edges, and features of a three-dimensional object onto an imaginary two-dimensional surface.
Projection Plane
An imaginary surface between the object and the observer on which the view of the object is projected and drawn.
Proportion
1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.
Scale
1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals that is used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between two sets of dimensions used to develop accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models.
Section Lines
Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut through material.
Shading
The representation of light and shade on a sketch or map.
Short-Break Line
Line which shows where part is broken to reveal detail behind the part or to shorten a long continuous part.
Shape
A two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form.
Sketch
A rough representation of the main features of an object or scene and often made as a preliminary study.
Solid
A three-dimensional body or geometric
Oblique pictorial where depth is represented as half scale compared to the height and width scale.
Cavalier Pictorial
Oblique pictorial where height, width, and depth are represented at full scale.
Center Line
A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts.
Construction Line
lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes.
Depth
The measurement associated with an object’s front-to-back dimension or extent of something from side to side.
Dimension
A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object is width, height, and depth.
Dimension Line
A line which represents distance.
Documentation
1. The documents that are required for something or that give evidence or proof of something. 2. Drawings or printed information that contain instructions for assembling, installing, operating, and servicing.
Drawing
A formal graphical representation of an object containing information based on the drawing type.
Edge
The line along which two surfaces of a solid meet.
Ellipse
A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base.
Extension Line
Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops.
Freehand
Sketching which is done manually without the aid of instruments such as rulers.
Grid
A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles.
Height
The measurement associated with an object’s top-to-bottom dimension.
Hidden Line
A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible.
Isometric Sketch
A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.
Leader Line
Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail.
Line
1. A long thin mark on a surface. 2. A continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point. 3. Long, narrow mark or band.
Line Conventions
Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style.
Line Weight
Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin.
Long-Break Line
A line which indicates that a very long objects with uniform detail is drawn foreshortened.
Manufacture
To make something, especially on a large scale using machinery.
Measurement
The process of using dimensions, quantity, or capacity by comparison with a standard in order to mark off, apportion, lay out, or establish dimensions.
Multi-View Drawing
A drawing which contains views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes.
Object Line
A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object.
Oblique Sketch
A form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle.
Orthographic Projection
A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle Projection.
Perspective Sketch
A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye.
Pictorial Sketch
A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth in a single view.
Plane
A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie.
Point
A location in space.
Profile
An outline of an object when viewed from one side.
Projection Line
An imaginary line that is used to locate or project the corners, edges, and features of a three-dimensional object onto an imaginary two-dimensional surface.
Projection Plane
An imaginary surface between the object and the observer on which the view of the object is projected and drawn.
Proportion
1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.
Scale
1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals that is used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between two sets of dimensions used to develop accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models.
Section Lines
Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut through material.
Shading
The representation of light and shade on a sketch or map.
Short-Break Line
Line which shows where part is broken to reveal detail behind the part or to shorten a long continuous part.
Shape
A two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form.
Sketch
A rough representation of the main features of an object or scene and often made as a preliminary study.
Solid
A three-dimensional body or geometric
unit 3 measurement and statistics- key terms
Accuracy
The degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to the actual (or accepted) value.
Arrowheads
Arrowheads are used to indicate the end of a dimension line or leader.
Caliper
A measuring instrument having two adjustable jaws typically used to measure diameter or thickness.
Class Interval
A group of values that is used to analyze the distribution of data.
Convert
To change money, stocks, or units in which a quantity is expressed into others of a different kind.
Data
Facts and statistics used for reference or analysis.
Data Set
A group of individual values or bits of information that are related in some way or have some common characteristic or attribute.
Dimension
A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object as in width, height, and depth.
Dimension Lines
A line which represents distance.
Dot Plot
See line plot.
Frequency
The rate at which something occurs over a particular period or in a given sample.
Graph
A diagram showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of two variables measured along a pair of lines at right angles.
Histogram
A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
A non-governmental global organization whose principal activity is the development of technical standards through consensus.
International System of Units (SI)
An international system of units of measurement consisting of seven base units.
Line Plot
A method of visually displaying a distribution of data values where each data value is shown as a dot or mark above a number line. Also known as a dot plot.
Mean
A measure of center in a set of numerical data, computed by adding the values in a list and then dividing by the number of values in the list.
Measure
To determine the size, amount, or degree of an object by comparison with a standard unit.
Median
A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a list of values is the value appearing at the center of a sorted version of the list – or the mean of the two central values if the list contains an even number of values.
Mode
The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.
Normal Distribution
A function that represents the distribution of variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph.
Numeric Constraint
A number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or location of a geometric figure.
Precision
The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
Scale
1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals and used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between two sets of dimensions used in developing accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models of design ideas.
Scatter Plot
A graph in the coordinate plane representing a set of bivariate data.
Significant Digits
The digits in a decimal number that carry meaning contributing to the precision or accuracy of the quantity.
Standard Deviation
The distance of a value in a population (or sample) from the mean value of the population (or sample).
Statistics
Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data.
Unit
A standard quantity in terms of which other quantities may be expressed.
US Customary Measurement System
System of measurement used in the United States.
Variation
A change or slight difference in condition, amount, or level.
The degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to the actual (or accepted) value.
Arrowheads
Arrowheads are used to indicate the end of a dimension line or leader.
Caliper
A measuring instrument having two adjustable jaws typically used to measure diameter or thickness.
Class Interval
A group of values that is used to analyze the distribution of data.
Convert
To change money, stocks, or units in which a quantity is expressed into others of a different kind.
Data
Facts and statistics used for reference or analysis.
Data Set
A group of individual values or bits of information that are related in some way or have some common characteristic or attribute.
Dimension
A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object as in width, height, and depth.
Dimension Lines
A line which represents distance.
Dot Plot
See line plot.
Frequency
The rate at which something occurs over a particular period or in a given sample.
Graph
A diagram showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of two variables measured along a pair of lines at right angles.
Histogram
A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
A non-governmental global organization whose principal activity is the development of technical standards through consensus.
International System of Units (SI)
An international system of units of measurement consisting of seven base units.
Line Plot
A method of visually displaying a distribution of data values where each data value is shown as a dot or mark above a number line. Also known as a dot plot.
Mean
A measure of center in a set of numerical data, computed by adding the values in a list and then dividing by the number of values in the list.
Measure
To determine the size, amount, or degree of an object by comparison with a standard unit.
Median
A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a list of values is the value appearing at the center of a sorted version of the list – or the mean of the two central values if the list contains an even number of values.
Mode
The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.
Normal Distribution
A function that represents the distribution of variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph.
Numeric Constraint
A number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or location of a geometric figure.
Precision
The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
Scale
1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals and used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between two sets of dimensions used in developing accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models of design ideas.
Scatter Plot
A graph in the coordinate plane representing a set of bivariate data.
Significant Digits
The digits in a decimal number that carry meaning contributing to the precision or accuracy of the quantity.
Standard Deviation
The distance of a value in a population (or sample) from the mean value of the population (or sample).
Statistics
Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data.
Unit
A standard quantity in terms of which other quantities may be expressed.
US Customary Measurement System
System of measurement used in the United States.
Variation
A change or slight difference in condition, amount, or level.
Unit 4 modeling skills- key terms
Annotate
To add explanatory notes to a drawing.
Assembly
A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit.
Assembly Drawing
A drawing that shows parts of an item when assembled.
Cartesian Coordinate System
A rectangular coordinate system created by three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, commonly labeled X, Y, and Z.
Component
A part or element of a larger whole.
Computer-Aided Design or Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD)
1. When used in the context of design: the use of a computer to assist in the process of designing a part, circuit, building, etc. 2. When used in the context of drafting: the use of a computer to assist in the process of creating, storing, retrieving, modifying, plotting, and communicating a technical drawing.
Degree of Freedom
The variables by which an object can move. In assemblies, an object floating free in space with no constraints to another object can be moved along three axes of translation and around three axes of rotation. Such a body is said to have six degrees of freedom.
Design Brief
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design Statement
A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed.
Domain
The set of input values of a function.
Extrusion
1. A manufacturing process that forces material through a shaped opening. 2. A modeling process that creates a three-dimensional form by defining a closed two-dimensional shape and a length.
Function
1. A relationship from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) that assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. 2. The action or actions that an item is designed to perform.
Geometric Constraint
Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity.
Marketing
The promotion and selling of products or services.
Mathematical Modeling
The process of choosing and using appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze empirical situations, to understand them better, and to improve decisions.
Mock-up
A model or replica of a machine or structure for instructional or experimental purposes. Also referred to as an Appearance Model.
Model
A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original.
Origin
A fixed point from which coordinates are measured.
Packaging
Materials used to wrap or protect goods.
Pattern
A repeated decorative design.
Physical Model
A physical representation of an object. Prototypes and appearance models are physical models.
Plane
A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie.
Portfolio
A collection of documents selected for a particular purpose which may contain reflection on the contents of the documents or the related purpose. Varieties of portfolio types exist and are used for different purposes (e.g., project portfolio, course portfolio, longitudinal or growth portfolio, showcase portfolio).
Prototype
A full-scale working model used to test and improve a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
Range
The set of output values of a function.
Revolution
Creating a 3D solid or surface by revolving a 2D shape about an axis.
Rotation
Turning around an axis or center point.
Round
A rounded exterior blend between two surfaces.
Scale Model
An enlarged or reduced representation of an object that is usually intended for study purposes.
Scoring
Making an impression or crease in a box blank to facilitate bending, folding, or tearing.
Solid
A three-dimensional body or geometric figure.
Solid Modeling
A type of 3D CAD modeling that represents the volume of an object, not just its lines and surfaces.
Subassembly
An assembled part that is a part of a larger assembly.
Translation
Motion in which all particles of a body move with the same velocity along parallel paths.
Working Drawings
Drawings that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design.
To add explanatory notes to a drawing.
Assembly
A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit.
Assembly Drawing
A drawing that shows parts of an item when assembled.
Cartesian Coordinate System
A rectangular coordinate system created by three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, commonly labeled X, Y, and Z.
Component
A part or element of a larger whole.
Computer-Aided Design or Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD)
1. When used in the context of design: the use of a computer to assist in the process of designing a part, circuit, building, etc. 2. When used in the context of drafting: the use of a computer to assist in the process of creating, storing, retrieving, modifying, plotting, and communicating a technical drawing.
Degree of Freedom
The variables by which an object can move. In assemblies, an object floating free in space with no constraints to another object can be moved along three axes of translation and around three axes of rotation. Such a body is said to have six degrees of freedom.
Design Brief
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design Statement
A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed.
Domain
The set of input values of a function.
Extrusion
1. A manufacturing process that forces material through a shaped opening. 2. A modeling process that creates a three-dimensional form by defining a closed two-dimensional shape and a length.
Function
1. A relationship from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) that assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. 2. The action or actions that an item is designed to perform.
Geometric Constraint
Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity.
Marketing
The promotion and selling of products or services.
Mathematical Modeling
The process of choosing and using appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze empirical situations, to understand them better, and to improve decisions.
Mock-up
A model or replica of a machine or structure for instructional or experimental purposes. Also referred to as an Appearance Model.
Model
A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original.
Origin
A fixed point from which coordinates are measured.
Packaging
Materials used to wrap or protect goods.
Pattern
A repeated decorative design.
Physical Model
A physical representation of an object. Prototypes and appearance models are physical models.
Plane
A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie.
Portfolio
A collection of documents selected for a particular purpose which may contain reflection on the contents of the documents or the related purpose. Varieties of portfolio types exist and are used for different purposes (e.g., project portfolio, course portfolio, longitudinal or growth portfolio, showcase portfolio).
Prototype
A full-scale working model used to test and improve a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
Range
The set of output values of a function.
Revolution
Creating a 3D solid or surface by revolving a 2D shape about an axis.
Rotation
Turning around an axis or center point.
Round
A rounded exterior blend between two surfaces.
Scale Model
An enlarged or reduced representation of an object that is usually intended for study purposes.
Scoring
Making an impression or crease in a box blank to facilitate bending, folding, or tearing.
Solid
A three-dimensional body or geometric figure.
Solid Modeling
A type of 3D CAD modeling that represents the volume of an object, not just its lines and surfaces.
Subassembly
An assembled part that is a part of a larger assembly.
Translation
Motion in which all particles of a body move with the same velocity along parallel paths.
Working Drawings
Drawings that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design.
unit 5 geometry of design- key terms
Acute Triangle
A triangle that contains only angles that are less than 90 degrees.
Angle
The amount of rotation needed to bring one line or plane into coincidence with another, generally measured in radians or degrees.
Area
The number of square units required to cover a surface.
Axis
1. An imaginary line through a body, about which it rotates. 2. An imaginary line about which a regular figure is symmetrically arranged. 3. A fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates.
Center of Gravity
A 3D point where the total weight of the body may be considered to be concentrated.
Centroid
A 3D point defining the geometric center of a solid.
Circle
A round plane figure whose boundary consists of points equidistant from the center
Circumscribe
1. A triangle located round a polygon such as a circle. 2 To draw a figure around another, touching it at points but not cutting it.
Cylinder
A solid composed of two congruent circles in parallel planes, their interiors, and all the line segments parallel to the axis with endpoints on the two circles.
Density
The measure of mass density is a measure of mass per volume.
Diameter
A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere.
Ellipse
A shape generated by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points (the foci) is constant and equal to the major axis
Fillet
A curve formed at the interior intersection between two or more surfaces.
Inscribe
To draw a figure within another so that their boundaries touch but do not intersect.
Mass
The amount of matter in an object or the quantity of the inertia of the object.
Meniscus
The curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the liquid and convex when not.
Obtuse Triangle
A triangle with one angle that is greater than 90 degrees.
Parallelogram
A four-sided polygon with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
Pi (π)
The numerical value of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter of approximately 3.14159.
Polygon
Any plane figure bounded by straight lines.
Principal Axes
The lines of intersection created from three mutually perpendicular planes, with the three planes’ point of intersection at the centroid of the part.
Prism
A solid geometric figure whose two ends are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.
Quadrilateral
A four-sided polygon.
Radius
A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere.
Rectangle
A parallelogram with 90 degree angles. A square is also a rectangle.
Regular Polygon
A polygon with equal angles and equal sides.
Right Triangle
A triangle that has a 90 degree angle.
Round
Two or more exterior surfaces rounded at their intersections.
Square
A regular polygon with four equal sides and four 90 degree angles.
Surface Area
The squared dimensions of the exterior surface
Tangent
A straight or curved line that intersects a circle or arc at one point only.
Title Block
A table located in the bottom right-hand corner of an engineering drawing that identifies, in an organized way, all of the necessary information that is not given on the drawing itself. Also referred to as a title strip.
Triangle
A polygon with three sides.
Vertex
Each angular point of a polygon, polyhedron, or other figure.
Volume
The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object or enclosed within a container.
Quadrilateral
A four-sided polygon.
A triangle that contains only angles that are less than 90 degrees.
Angle
The amount of rotation needed to bring one line or plane into coincidence with another, generally measured in radians or degrees.
Area
The number of square units required to cover a surface.
Axis
1. An imaginary line through a body, about which it rotates. 2. An imaginary line about which a regular figure is symmetrically arranged. 3. A fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates.
Center of Gravity
A 3D point where the total weight of the body may be considered to be concentrated.
Centroid
A 3D point defining the geometric center of a solid.
Circle
A round plane figure whose boundary consists of points equidistant from the center
Circumscribe
1. A triangle located round a polygon such as a circle. 2 To draw a figure around another, touching it at points but not cutting it.
Cylinder
A solid composed of two congruent circles in parallel planes, their interiors, and all the line segments parallel to the axis with endpoints on the two circles.
Density
The measure of mass density is a measure of mass per volume.
Diameter
A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere.
Ellipse
A shape generated by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points (the foci) is constant and equal to the major axis
Fillet
A curve formed at the interior intersection between two or more surfaces.
Inscribe
To draw a figure within another so that their boundaries touch but do not intersect.
Mass
The amount of matter in an object or the quantity of the inertia of the object.
Meniscus
The curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the liquid and convex when not.
Obtuse Triangle
A triangle with one angle that is greater than 90 degrees.
Parallelogram
A four-sided polygon with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
Pi (π)
The numerical value of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter of approximately 3.14159.
Polygon
Any plane figure bounded by straight lines.
Principal Axes
The lines of intersection created from three mutually perpendicular planes, with the three planes’ point of intersection at the centroid of the part.
Prism
A solid geometric figure whose two ends are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.
Quadrilateral
A four-sided polygon.
Radius
A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere.
Rectangle
A parallelogram with 90 degree angles. A square is also a rectangle.
Regular Polygon
A polygon with equal angles and equal sides.
Right Triangle
A triangle that has a 90 degree angle.
Round
Two or more exterior surfaces rounded at their intersections.
Square
A regular polygon with four equal sides and four 90 degree angles.
Surface Area
The squared dimensions of the exterior surface
Tangent
A straight or curved line that intersects a circle or arc at one point only.
Title Block
A table located in the bottom right-hand corner of an engineering drawing that identifies, in an organized way, all of the necessary information that is not given on the drawing itself. Also referred to as a title strip.
Triangle
A polygon with three sides.
Vertex
Each angular point of a polygon, polyhedron, or other figure.
Volume
The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object or enclosed within a container.
Quadrilateral
A four-sided polygon.
unit 6 reverse engineering- key terms
Aesthetic
1. Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. 2. Of pleasing appearance.
Asymmetry
Symmetry in which both halves of a composition are not identical. Also referred to as informal balance.
Balance
A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial.
Color
The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.
Contrast
The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or considered together.
Element
A basic constituent part.
Emphasis
Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
Form
1. Having the three dimensions of length, width, and depth. Also referred to as a solid. 2. The organization, placement, or relationship of basic elements, as volumes or voids in a sculpture, so as to produce a coherent image.
Gestalt
The principle that maintains that the human eye sees objects in their entirety before perceiving their individual parts.
Graphic Design
The art of combining text and pictures in advertisements, magazines, books, etc.
Harmony
1. The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole. 2. Agreement or concord.
Message Analysis
The process of deciding what information needs to go into the graphic design, as well as how to effectively use the design elements and principles to present the information. This analysis is based on a thorough analysis of the audience.
Pattern
A repeated decorative design.
Pictograph
A pictorial symbol for a word or phrase.
Principle
The method of formation, operation, or procedure exhibited in a given instance.
Proportion
1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.
Radial Symmetry
Symmetry about a central axis.
Reverse Engineering
The process of taking something apart and analyzing its workings in detail.
Rhythm
A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.
Shape
The two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form.
Space
1. The dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all things exist and move. 2. A free or unoccupied area or expanse.
Symbol
A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.
Symbolism
1. The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. 2. The symbolic meaning attached to material objects.
Symmetry
The correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a median line or about a central axis. Also referred to as formal balance.
Texture
The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.
Typography
The style and appearance of printed matter.
Unity
The state of being united or forming a whole.
Value
The lightness or darkness of a color in relation to a scale ranging from white to black.
Variety
A thing which differs in some way from others of the same general class.
1. Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. 2. Of pleasing appearance.
Asymmetry
Symmetry in which both halves of a composition are not identical. Also referred to as informal balance.
Balance
A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial.
Color
The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.
Contrast
The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or considered together.
Element
A basic constituent part.
Emphasis
Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
Form
1. Having the three dimensions of length, width, and depth. Also referred to as a solid. 2. The organization, placement, or relationship of basic elements, as volumes or voids in a sculpture, so as to produce a coherent image.
Gestalt
The principle that maintains that the human eye sees objects in their entirety before perceiving their individual parts.
Graphic Design
The art of combining text and pictures in advertisements, magazines, books, etc.
Harmony
1. The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole. 2. Agreement or concord.
Message Analysis
The process of deciding what information needs to go into the graphic design, as well as how to effectively use the design elements and principles to present the information. This analysis is based on a thorough analysis of the audience.
Pattern
A repeated decorative design.
Pictograph
A pictorial symbol for a word or phrase.
Principle
The method of formation, operation, or procedure exhibited in a given instance.
Proportion
1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.
Radial Symmetry
Symmetry about a central axis.
Reverse Engineering
The process of taking something apart and analyzing its workings in detail.
Rhythm
A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.
Shape
The two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form.
Space
1. The dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all things exist and move. 2. A free or unoccupied area or expanse.
Symbol
A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.
Symbolism
1. The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. 2. The symbolic meaning attached to material objects.
Symmetry
The correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a median line or about a central axis. Also referred to as formal balance.
Texture
The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.
Typography
The style and appearance of printed matter.
Unity
The state of being united or forming a whole.
Value
The lightness or darkness of a color in relation to a scale ranging from white to black.
Variety
A thing which differs in some way from others of the same general class.